Ms. Opal Lee, a retired educator, made it her life’s mission to see Juneteenth recognized as a national holiday. For her the past wasn’t the past. She continued the cause organized by Dr. Ronald V. Myers and his National Juneteenth Observance Foundation. When she was 90 years old she walked from Texas to Washington DC to bring attention to the cause. And now, on June 17th, at the White House, she was overcome with emotion. She has annually walked two-and-a-half miles to commemorate the two-and-a-half years it took until the announcement of freedom was made in Galveston, Texas. And today, on this finally federally sanctioned holiday of Juneteenth, at age 94, she will once again walk two-and-a-half miles.
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1st, 1863, but it wasn’t until June 19th, 1865 that the enslaved population in Galveston, Texas was notified of their freedom. This took place approximately ten weeks after the Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Union soldier Major General Gordon Granger along with more than 2,000 soldiers arrived in Galveston to read what was known as General Order No. 3:
“The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.”
The document both proclaims freedom for the enslaved population who did not know about Abraham Lincoln’s orders and foreshadowed the years of struggle to come.
The freedom of African Americans from the bonds of slavery is what the annual holiday commemorates, “Today we consecrate Juneteenth for what it ought to be, what it must be, a national holiday,” Biden said. “We can’t rest until the promise of equality is fulfilled for every one of us, in every corner of this nation. That to me is the meaning of Juneteenth. […] I hope this is the beginning of a change in the way we deal with one another.”
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